Februari 13, 2026 03:50

PENTINGNYA MEMILIKI RASA MALU
October 17, 2024

Penulis :

Habib Ismawanto, S.Ud
Unit/jenjang SMAIT

PENTINGNYA MEMILIKI RASA MALU BAGI ORANG ISLAM

Salah satu sifat yang mulia bagi seorang manusia, menurut para ulama, adalah rasa malu. Manusia kerap dihadapkan pada hal-hal yang membuat tak nyaman, dan secara psikologis, salah satu mekanisme perasaan yang muncul adalah rasa malu. Namun mungkin belum cukup dipahami, malu seperti apa yang menjadikan seorang manusia lebih mulia, dan dapat mendatangkan rahmat Allah?  

Salah satu riwayat hadits dalam al-Arba’in an-Nawawiyah membicarakan soal sikap dan rasa malu, yaitu hadits berikut:

عَنْ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ  عقبه بن عمرو الانصاري الْبَدْرِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ، قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ :  إِنَّ مِمَّا أَدْرَكَ النَّاسُ مِنْ كَلَامِ النُّبُوَّةِ الْأُولَى : إِذَا لَمْ تَسْتَحْيِ ، فَاصْنَعْ مَا شِئْتَ . رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِي  

Artinya: Diriwayatkan dari Abu Masud Uqbah bin ‘Amr Al Anshari bahwa Nabi bersabda: “Sesungguhnya sebagian dari apa yang telah diketahui oleh manusia dari pesan kenabian yang terdahulu: jika kamu tak punya malu, maka berbuatlah sesukamu. (HR. Al Bukhari)

Terkait hadits di atas, para ulama memiliki beragam pendapat seputar rasa malu. Hadits itu memuat bentuk perintah: lakukanlah apa pun yang kau mau atau berbuatlah sesukamu. Ada yang memaknainya seagai bentuk khabar atau pernyataan, meski ia memuat bentuk amr atau perintah. Seakan maknanya adalah “jika kau tidak dicegah rasa malu, maka berbuat hal sesukamu adalah keniscayaan.”

Karena itu rasa malu mesti dimiliki seorang manusia agar mencegah perbuatan maksiat dan dosa, baik dosa besar atau kecil. Ada juga ulama yang mengatakan hadits itu adalah bentuk ancaman. Ia menjadi semacam sindiran bagi manusia: “kalau kamu berbuat hal-hal sesukamu, kelak akan mendapat balasan siksa dari Allah”.   Begitu pula ada penjelasan terkait hadis itu bahwa perbuatan yang tidak menimbulkan rasa malu, maka ia patut dan perlu dilakukan.

Perbuatan yang tidak dibebani perasaan malu dan bersalah itu bisa jadi adalah bagian dari kebaikan. Kalau menimbulkan rasa malu, maka perlu ditinggalkan. Demikian catatan Syekh Ahmad bin Syekh Al Fasyani dalam kitab al-Majalisus Saniyyah syarah dari kitab al-Arba’in an-Nawawiyah.  

Perihal rasa malu, ada yang sesuai dan diperkenankan syariat tapi ada yang tidak elok dan tercela. Sebagai contoh, malu yang kurang relevan adalah ketika malu bertanya tentang hal yang tidak diketahui dalam hal ilmu. Kita kenal peribahasa populer: malu bertanya sesat di jalan. Dampak malu bertanya ini dapat menjerumuskan ke dalam ketidaktahuan – bahkan kesesatan karena berani menyimpulkan sesuatu sendiri. Karena itulah kita sering sekali mendengar dalam hadits bahwa para sahabat menanyakan beragam persoalan kepada Nabi, baik dari sahabat pria maupun wanita. Bisa karena belum tahu, atau karena ingin klarifikasi dan diskusi dengan Nabi.  

Rasulullah pernah bersabda kepada para sahabat, diriwayatkan dari Abdullah bin Masud radliyallahu ‘anhu. Kisah ini diriwayatkan oleh Imam at-Tirmidzi, Imam al-Baihaqi, dan Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal.   “Merasa malulah kepada Allah, dengan rasa malu yang sungguh-sungguh.” sabda Nabi pada sahabat dalam sebuah majelis. Para sahabat pun menimpali, “Alhamdulillah, kami telah memiliki rasa malu itu”.

Namun Nabi meluruskan apa sifat malu yang mesti dicermati dan diamalkan,

  و ليس ذاك، ولكن الاستحياء من الله حق الحياء أن تحفظ الرأس وما وعى، والبطن وما حوى، ولتذكر الموت والبلى، ومن أراد الآخرة ترك زينة الدنيا، فمن فعل ذلك استحيا من الله حق الحياء  

“Bukan begitu, tetapi sesungguhnya malu kepada Allah adalah kalian menjaga kepala (maksudnya adalah akal dan pikiran), memelihara perut (dari hal yang diharamkan), serta senantiasa mengingat kematian. Orang yang mengharapkan akhirat akan meninggalkan gemerlapnya dunia, dan orang yang telah melampaui itu telah sungguh malu kepada Allah.”  

Sementara ulama mengartikan kalimat “malulah kepada Allah dengan sungguh-sungguh” sejalan dengan makna “bertakwalah kepada Allah dengan sesungguh-sungguhnya ketakwaan.” Dari ulasan di atas, dapat dipahami pula bahwa malu yang menjadi sebab rahmat Allah adalah yang seiring dengan usaha meningkatkan takwa kepada Allah.  

Demikianlah rasa malu yang perlu dimiliki seorang muslim maupun manusia pada umumnya, yang dapat meningkatkan derajat kemuliaan dan mendatangkan rahmat Allah. Rasa malu yang dimaksud adalah rasa malu untuk berbuat dosa dan maksiat, maupun malu yang mendatangkan akhlak mulia pada sesama dan ketakwaan. Bukanlah malu yang dimaksud adalah malu mengakui kesalahan, malu menyadari ketidaktahuan, atau malu dalam belajar. Wallahu a’lam.

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