Februari 20, 2026 07:18

PERKEMBANGAN ALIRAN DAKWAH DI INDONESIA
March 6, 2025

Penulis :

Habib Ismawanto, S.Ud
Unit/jenjang SMAIT

Perkembangan Aliran Dakwah di Indonesia

Indonesia, negara dengan populasi umat muslim terbesar di dunia memiliki sejarah panjang dalam hal penyebaran Islam atau dakwah. Sejarah Islam di Indonesia yang panjang dan kaya menciptakan fondasi kuat bagi berbagai aliran dakwah yang tumbuh dan berkembang di tengah masyarakat yang beragam.

Dalam beberapa dekade terakhir, sebagian dari kita telah menjadi saksi perkembangan aliran-aliran dakwah yang beragam dan dinamis sehingga mencerminkan pluralitas budaya dan agama yang unik di negara ini.

Untuk memahami perkembangan aliran dakwah di Indonesia, kita harus menggunakan kacamata sejarah tentang awal mula penyebaran Islam di kepulauan ini. Islam pertama kali tiba di Indonesia sekitar abad ke-7 Masehi melalui jalur perdagangan, khususnya melalui pedagang Arab dan India.

Dalam prosesnya, Islam berbaur dengan budaya lokal  sehingga muncul bentuk Islam yang unik di setiap daerah. Dari sini, terciptakah keragaman budaya dan tradisi yang kuat dalam praktik Islam di Indonesia yang masih terasa hingga saat ini.

Pada abad ke-13 hingga ke-16, Islam berkembang pesat di Indonesia melalui penyebaran melalui jalur perdagangan maritim yang menghubungkan kepulauan ini dengan dunia Islam lainnya. Proses ini membentuk identitas Islam Indonesia yang kaya dan beragam serta mencerminkan campuran berbagai elemen seperti sufisme, syariat, dan adat istiadat lokal.

Apa saja aliran-aliran dakwah di Indonesia?

Pertama, tradisionalisme.

Salah satu aliran dakwah yang dominan di Indonesia adalah tradisionalisme. Aliran ini menekankan pada pemahaman Islam yang menghormati adat istiadat lokal. Penganut paham dakwah tradisionalisme juga cenderung mempertahankan nilai-nilai sosial dan budaya yang ada di masyarakat sekitar. Mereka menganggap bahwa Islam bisa berdampingan dengan budaya dan adat istiadat yang sudah ada.

Kedua, modernisme.

Di samping tradisionalisme, aliran dakwah modernisme juga memainkan peran besar dalam perkembangan dakwah di Indonesia. Aliran ini lebih cenderung ke arah reinterpretasi ajaran Islam dalam konteks perkembangan zaman. Mereka menekankan pentingnya pendidikan dan pembaharuan dalam pemikiran Islam serta seringkali membawa pembaruan dalam praktik ibadah.

Ketiga, fundamentalis.

Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, kita telah melihat peningkatan aliran dakwah yang lebih fundamentalis di Indonesia. Kelompok-kelompok ini mendorong penerapan agama secara ketat dan menolak pengaruh budaya non-Islam. Mereka sering menekankan pada pemahaman agama yang lebih konservatif.

Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI) adalah salah satu kelompok aliran dakwah fundamentalis yang beroperasi di Indonesia. Mereka memiliki tujuan untuk mendirikan negara Islam dan menolak sistem demokrasi. Meskipun dilarang oleh pemerintah pada tahun 2017, pengaruh mereka masih terasa dalam sebagian kecil masyarakat.

Muhammadiyah dan NU adalah dua organisasi Islam terbesar di Indonesia. Muhammadiyah cenderung lebih modernis, sedangkan NU memiliki tradisi yang lebih tradisional. Kedua organisasi ini memiliki jutaan anggota dan berperan penting dalam pendidikan, kesehatan, dan pelayanan sosial di Indonesia.

Lantas, apa dampak dinamika aliran-aliran dakwah di Indonesia terhadap kita?

Salah satu implikasi yang paling signifikan adalah dalam hal toleransi dan konflik antaragama. Sebagai negara dengan banyak agama dan keyakinan, Indonesia telah dikenal dengan kerukunan antaragama yang relatif tinggi. Aliran dakwah yang moderat dan inklusif dapat memperkuat kerukunan ini dengan mendorong dialog dan pemahaman antaragama.

Namun, aliran dakwah yang lebih fundamentalis—tanpa bermaksud merendahkan aliran dakwah tertentu bahwa kita semua berada pada agama yang sama—dapat memicu ketegangan dan konflik. Mereka mungkin menolak unsur-unsur budaya non-Islam atau menganggap mereka sebagai ancaman terhadap ajaran agama. Hal ini dapat menciptakan ketegangan dalam hubungan antaragama dan antarkelompok di masyarakat.

Aliran dakwah juga memengaruhi pola konsumsi dan gaya hidup di masyarakat. Beberapa aliran dakwah mendorong gaya hidup sederhana dan mengutuk perilaku konsumtif. Hal ini dapat mengubah cara pandang masyarakat tentang manajemen kuangan, lebih mengutamakan keadilan sosial, dan kebutuhan bersama daripada sifat individualisme.

Pemberdayaan perempuan juga merupakan isu yang relevan dalam perkembangan aliran dakwah. Beberapa aliran dakwah mempromosikan peran lebih aktif bagi perempuan dalam masyarakat. Mereka mendorong perempuan untuk berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan sosial, ekonomi, dan politik yang dapat mengubah peran tradisional perempuan dalam masyarakat.

Perkembangan aliran dakwah di Indonesia adalah cerminan dari kompleksitas sosial, budaya, dan agama di negara ini. Sejarah Islam yang panjang dan keragaman budaya telah menciptakan lanskap yang unik dalam perkembangan aliran dakwah serta implikasinya terhadap masyarakat.

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